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E
E detector, ΔE detector - E 探测器，ΔE 探测器
E 探测器是一种厚度足以覆盖高能粒子范围的探测器。它设计用于检测粒子的总能量。相比之下，ΔE 探测器则足够薄，允许被检测的粒子穿过它，从而可以检测粒子中的具体能量损失。ΔE 探测器和 E 探测器的组合称为 ΔE-E 探测器，是识别粒子的有效手段。
EDFA (erbium-doped fiber amplifier) - EDFA（掺铒光纤放大器）
一种使用带有掺铒纤芯的石英光纤直接放大光的器件。光在光纤中通过感应辐射放大。当弱光信号进入 EDFA 时，光放大发生在与信号光相同的波长。EDFA 广泛用作 1.55 µm 波段中长距离光纤通信的光放大器。
Ethernet - 以太网
以太网是几种计算机网络标准之一。该标准由 Xerox 和 DEC（目前隶属于 Hewlett Packard）设计，并由 IEEE 802.3 委员会标准化。这是最常见的 LAN（局域网）标准，广泛用于世界各地的办公室和家庭。
ENI - Photomultiplier tube - ENI - 光电倍增管
ENI 表示光子限信噪比。ENI 是指在光电倍增管输出中产生统一的信噪比所需的光量，以瓦特为单位。ENI 的值通过左侧的公式给出。$$ ENI = \frac{\sqrt{2q \cdot Idb \cdot \mu \cdot \triangle f\ }}{S}(watts) $$ q = 电子电荷（1.60 x 10-19 库仑）
Idb = 在黑暗中存放 30 分钟后的阳极暗电流，单位为安培
μ = 增益率
△f = 系统的带宽，单位为赫兹（通常为 1 赫兹）
S = 目标波长下的阳极辐射灵敏度，单位为安培/瓦
Equivalent background input - 等效背景输入
这表示从荧光屏产生光发射度所需的输入照度，等于当光阴极面上的输入照度为零时获得的输入照度。这表示图像增强器的固有背景水平或可检测照度的下限。
eV (electron volt) - eV（电子电压）
电子在真空中通过 1 V 的电位差加速时获得的能量。这通常用作表示基本粒子、原子核、原子和分子等能量的单位。$$ 1\ eV = 1.602 \cdot 10^{-19} J $$
Excitation - 激发
在半导体中，激发是指将电子从低能价带提升到高能导带的过程。如果电子被热激发，则此过程称为热激发。如果电子被光激发，则此过程称为光激发。光电二极管的光吸收是光激发。
Extinction ratio - 消光比
在光波的强度调制期间变化的光功率的最小值与最大值的比值。在数字光通信中，这被定义为用于传输逻辑“1”的光功率与用于传输逻辑“0”的光功率的比。该消光比以线性比、dB 或 % 表示。
[数字光通信中的消光比]
$$ 消光比\ (线性比) = \frac{I(1)}{I(0)} $$ $$ 消光比\ [dB] = 10\ log^{10}{消光比\ (线性比)} $$ $$ 消光比\ [％] = \frac{I(0)}{I(1)} \cdot 100 $$ I(1)：用于传输逻辑“1”的光功率
I(0)：用于传输逻辑“0”的光功率
Eye diagram - 眼图
这是可能的编码字符串的所有波形的叠加显示，用于对传输的编码脉冲的波形失真进行综合评估。这也被称为眼纹。
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