通过操纵和控制量子(原子、电子、光子等)的独特特性和行为,例如二元性、叠加和纠缠,实现量子计算和量子模拟等新兴技术。
激光器制冷是在 1980s 末开发的一种技术,可利用激光冷却或捕获气体原子。1995 年,激光器制冷促进实现了铷-87 原子蒸汽中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 (BEC) 的产生。借助激光器制冷和 BEC,能够观测单个原子和离子的量子力学行为。
量子成像是一种利用光的量子特性来实现高灵敏度或特殊成像方法的成像技术。其中一种方法称为“幽灵成像”,通过检测相关的纠缠光子来获取纠缠图像。幽灵成像近年来引起了研究人员的兴趣。
中性原子和离子阱使用激光器制冷来冷却原子或离子,从而减慢其运动。光镊用于捕获中性原子,而彭宁阱、保罗阱等阱利用电场来产生囚禁离子的电位。通过将空间光相位调制器 (LCOS-SLM) 与适当的相位图案和光学系统组合,可以生成大量光束点。在这些点位置捕获中性原子使得中性原子能够以任何阵列配置方式排布。中性原子和离子阱可以配置为“叠加状态”,亦即使用“0”状态和“1”状态(也称为量子位)为其状态进行编码。使用高灵敏度相机监控离子阱和中性原子的位置。观测离子阱和中性原子的荧光或其缺乏的荧光,用于指示量子位的状态。PMT 等光子计数探测器通常用于读出离子阱的量子位状态,而 EM-CCD 相机用于读出中性原子的量子位状态。可以操纵量子力学行为以实现量子计算和量子模拟等用途。
32 通道线性阵列多阳极 PMT 模块 H11460 系列是一种低串扰模块,可通过 32 通道线性阵列检测多个离子的荧光。(另提供光子计数模块 H12211。)
钻石是一种碳晶体。如果去除晶体晶格中的碳原子并用氮原子替换,则会导致电子空缺,因此称为“氮空缺”。氮空缺 (NV) 中心对周围环境的变化和量子状态的变化具有非常敏感的反应特性,这种特性可用作传感器功能。因此,带有 NV 中心的钻石被当做“量子传感器”,并作为下一代超灵敏传感器引起人们的注意。氮空缺是量子计算和量子模拟的一种有吸引力的量子位模态,因为它能够在室温下运行。
MPPC 具有高增益(约 106)、可检测 650nm NV 荧光的高光子探测效率、宽动态范围和优异的光子峰值鉴别能力,因此可以获得适合高速弱信号的高信噪比。MPPC 模块包含 MPPC、放大器和电源,因而使用非常方便。
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