2018年11月1日,滨松全球同步发布了一款最新的高速、高灵敏、定量sCMOS相机——ORCA-Fusion。
冠以了“ORCA”的名号,当然也继承了家族的优良“基因”。承袭前辈ORCA-Flash 4.0,ORCA-Fusion拥有着一如既往的高帧速: 100帧/秒 @470万像素;89.1帧/秒 @530万像素。
此外,最为突出的,则是此次在ORCA-Fusion上得以大幅提升的信噪比:最低0.7e(rms)读出噪声;QE/读出噪声比值高至1.14 。
如何炼成优秀的图像质量?
图像质量是成像中的一个核心关注点,可以通过两个概念予以评价——分辨率和信噪比。ORCA-Fusion具有530万像素(2304x2304),配合6.5um的像素尺寸,可以提供非常出色的分辨率。而信噪比方面要怎样做到提升呢?
关于相机成像的信噪比,主要与4个因素相关:
(1)样品信号的强度和显微镜物镜等光学系统对信号的收集能力;
(2)曝光时间,一般而言,延长曝光时间会带来信噪比的上升,但会牺牲帧速;
(3)量子效率;
(4)读出噪声。
从相机的角度,量子效率与读出噪声分别对应了信号与噪声,其比值越高,信噪比也就越高。
完美的定量相机(Quantitative Camera)一直是滨松孜孜不倦追求的方向,而信噪比的不断提升则是其中的核心——在保证高量子效率的同时,ORCA-Fusion在噪声控制上精耕细作,将读出噪声降低至0.7e rms/0.6e median这样的水平,使得QE/读出噪声比值提升至1.33。这也使得ORCA-Fusion一经面世,就超过之前所有的sCMOS相机前辈,一跃领先。
而不同于许多同类产品降低帧速以保障信噪比的做法,滨松不仅做到了行业巅峰的信噪比,在速度上也绝不妥协,ORCA-Fusion的像素读出频率高达470MHz,在2304x2048(470万像素)这样的分辨率下能够做到100帧/秒,选择合适大小的ROI甚至能将帧速提升至41000帧/秒。
以下为样片:
继续定义“高帧速”
除了信噪比,帧速在许多成像应用(如lightsheet)中也至关重要。上文提到了,ORCA-Fusion作为滨松系列科研相机ORCA家族的新成员,继承了优良“基因”,维持令业界欣羡的高帧速特性。
像素读出速度(即全幅帧速 x 像素数目)高达470MHz,相对CCD相机时代常见的20MHz自然不能同日而语,即使是比主流高端sCMOS相机的420MHz(100帧/秒 @ 2048x2048)也提升了12%。
ORCA-Fusion的全幅帧速为89.1帧/秒 @ 2304x2304;选取合适的ROI(如2304x2048)时能够获得更高的帧速(如100帧/秒)。另外由于Fusion本身具有的高速性能,彻底摒弃了传统sCMOS从两边读出的方式,改掉了ROI开窗位置不同帧速就不同的老毛病,率先做到了“从一而终”的读出方式。一方面,实现了任意位置取相同大小的ROI,帧速均相同;另一方面,大大提高了Lightsheet模式的读出速度。
高分辨率,看清更深处的细节
以上这张图出自ORCA-fusion,在分辨率提升至2304×2304(530万像素)后,图像变得更加清晰,细节也得以更好的体现。
而从下图中也可见,对同样视野大小拍摄的荧光小球,放大后可以看到更突出的细节,比市面上的背照式sCMOS相机清晰度高出一倍。
此外,ORCA-fusion还在一些细节上进行了完善。如为更加方便支撑结构的使用和设计,整体机身的重量降至了1.2kg。
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