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通过光子检测实现光合作用评估技术
我们正在开发和应用使用光学装置评估光合作用的技术。这项技术有望应用于生态系统保护、农业化学品开发、水净化、植树、水产养殖和大气评估。
作为可持续发展社会的基础，光合作用为我们的生活和工业提供食物和生物质，并在环境净化和生态系统保护中发挥重要作用。
什么是植物光子（延迟荧光）？
植物光子是从藻类和植物等“光合生物”中检测到的非常弱的发光。它可以通过光子探测器检测到，例如通过光电倍增管或 MPPC，或者具有倍增功能的高灵敏度相机。
通过测量植物光子，您可以直接看到光合作用的运动。在光合作用中，叶绿素使用光能量分解水并提取电子。电子储存在载体分子中，大部分用作光合作用的能量。一小部分存储的电子被转换回“植物光子”。在外部光熄灭后，植物光子在黑暗中缓慢发光，这可以通过带有光电倍增管的高灵敏度相机进行检测。
■相关产品
■可见光图像与光子计数图像的对比
可见光图像
光子计数图像
■植物光子的测量
用途：使用植物光子快速评估水污染的生物学效应
全球似乎已使用 100,000 种化学物质。释放到环境中时对人类和生物体的危害（环境风险）可以通过化学分析和生物测定来确定。化学分析测量物质的数量，使用的仪器包括 GC/MS 和 LC/MS 等。生物测定技术使用活的生物体来检查物质数量与其毒性之间的关系。使用鱼类、水蚤、藻类、植物等。两者之间的关系可用于判断化学物质的危害风险和开发安全的化学物质。
植物光子有望在评估水污染的生物测定中发挥作用。藻类通过光合作用的生物质生产而生长。如果藻类新陈代谢受到化学物质的抑制，生物质生产将减少，生长速率将下降。在常规生物测定中，通过计算细胞数量来评估生长抑制。我们开发了一种可在短时间内评估生长抑制的技术，即对反映光合作用的植物光子的发光抑制进行评估。此技术称为藻类发光毒性试验。
预期使用光子光合作用评估技术的生物体示例
水产养殖饲料，角毛藻
为确保渔业资源的可持续利用，预计水产养殖业将进一步发展。藻类已作为水产养殖饲料而大量养殖。
角毛藻是贝类和甲壳类动物的饲料藻类之一。
水边生态系统，水生植物
生长在水边的水生植物及其周围的生态系统通过吸收营养物质和繁殖水生动物而起到净化水质的作用。
浮萍是一种常见的水生植物，生长在稻田中。
海洋生物多样性，珊瑚礁
造礁珊瑚是动物，但它可以通过共生藻类进行光合作用。
虽然珊瑚礁在体现海洋生物多样性方面占有重要地位，但据说 20% 的珊瑚礁已被破坏，50% 处于危险之中。原因据说是气候变化和海洋污染。
空气污染指标，地衣
地衣是真菌和藻类的复合体。它通过吸收雨水和矿物质进行光合作用。二氧化硫等空气污染物会使地衣数量减少。
在日本，已提议将大叶梅属地衣作为空气污染指标。
蛋白质生成，螺旋藻
由于人口增长和气候变化，粮食、畜牧业和渔业产品供应的蛋白质面临短缺问题。藻类作为一种新的生产源正引起人们的关注。
螺旋藻是一种富含蛋白质的藻类，可以大规模商业化供应。
参考资料
- Masakazu Katsumata, Yuko Ikushima, Keith Bennett, Yukiko Sato, Ayano Takeuchi, Norihisa Tatarazako, Tomoyuki Hakamata,
“Validation of rapid algal bioassay using delayed fluorescence in an interlaboratory ring study,”
Science of The Total Environment, Volumes 605–606, 2017, Pages 842-851, ISSN 0048-9697, - Ayano TAKEUCHI, Masakazu KATSUMATA, Takashi KOIKE, Yuri TAKATA, Yasuyuki ITATSU, Takashi KUSUI,
“Comparison of the Conventional Algal Growth Inhibition Tests Using Cell Counting and Algal Bioassay Using Delayed Fluorescence: Application to Industrial Effluents, Journal of Water and Environment Technology,”
2014, Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages 367-377, Released August 10, 2014, Online ISSN 1348-2165, - Masakazu Katsumata, Ichiro Takeuchi,
“Delayed fluorescence as an indicator of the influence of the herbicides Irgarol 1051 and Diuron on hard coral Acropora digitifera,”
Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 124, Issue 2, 30 November 2017, Pages 687-693
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