斯巴鲁望远镜位于夏威夷岛莫纳克亚山顶海拔 4205 m 处。其超宽视野主焦点相机包含由滨松光子学株式会社制造的 CCD 面阵图像传感器,该传感器具有世界上最高的灵敏度。
这里体现了滨松光子学株式会社的精神,亦即做别人做不到的事情,创造前所未有的事物。
安装在 HSC 中的 CCD
斯巴鲁望远镜是一款大型国家级光学/红外望远镜,位于夏威夷岛莫纳克亚山峰。它是具有革命性的观测能力的新一代望远镜。斯巴鲁望远镜的用途是测量暗能量和宇宙膨胀的发展历程。它使用重力透镜效应直接观测暗物质的分布,所以需要能够测量极宽范围。因此,我们于 2001 年开始开发新的超宽视野主焦点相机超广角主焦点相机 (HSC)。2012 年开始测试。
位于莫纳克亚山顶的斯巴鲁望远镜(由 NAOJ 友情提供)
新安装在斯巴鲁望远镜上的 HSC 的 CCD 图像传感器由滨松光子学株式会社与日本国家天文天文台 (NAOJ)、大阪大学和京都大学合作开发。
HSC 中有 116 个 CCD,为相机提供了世界上最大的宽视野性能,能够同时拍摄宽度相当于九个满月大小的照片。
HSC 于 2012 年 8 月首次安装在斯巴鲁望远镜上。从那时起,已将观测作为性能测试加以完成。首次亮相*,HSC 就成功从一个视野抓拍到了整个仙女座星系。仙女座星系距离地球大约 230 万光年,是距离银河系最近的螺旋星系,直径超过 200,000 光年。地球上的大型望远镜从未能够像这样一举抓拍整个星系。
* 首次亮相:确认光学设备,如已完成的望远镜,达到其预测性能的初步观测。
斯巴鲁望远镜拍摄的仙女座星系 (M31)(由 NAOJ 友情提供)
1μm = 1/1000mm
CCD 平整度:平整度达到约 10 μm,而 CCD 制成后无法研磨
由于翘曲等原因,大面积 CCD 的平整度往往较差。然而,我们建立了组装技术,以尽量减少翘曲,将整个区域在高度上的变化累加在一起,降低至大约 40 μm。该 CCD 技术正在被推广至软 X 射线直接探测器、拉曼光谱分析等领域,因此未来还会有适用于近红外、软 X 射线、电子束等的用途。
CCD 具有更高的近红外灵敏度是观测远处天体的最佳选择
斯巴鲁望远镜中使用的 CCD 采用了全耗尽的背照式结构,并配备厚硅层,在近红外 (NIR) 波段实现高灵敏度。由于离开天体的光转变为更长的波长(红光),因此通过观测星系光谱线中波长的变化,可以推测天体的速度。HSC 中的 CCD 具有 200 μm 的硅厚度,是先前 CCD 的五倍,旨在提高近红外波段的量子效率,并且对具有超高电阻且无晶格缺陷的 N 型硅施加反向偏压以实现完全耗尽,以控制分辨率的劣化。
左下角为放大后的红光天体:129.1 亿光年外的星系,SXDF-NB1006-2(由 NAOJ 友情提供)
使用斯巴鲁望远镜中的主焦点相机等器件,观测到了 129.1 亿年前(大爆炸后 7.5 亿年)的宇宙。斯巴鲁望远镜的主焦点相机配备了我们的 CCD,可以一举观测宽广的视野,发现黑暗、稀疏的遥远星系。
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