控制光的典型装置有透镜、反射镜、快门等,它们可以改变或阻挡光的方向。液晶显示屏可以通过控制光强度来显示图像。多年以来,我们专注于所谓“相位分布”或“波前”的光特性,一直在研究空间光调制器,并开发了 LCOS-SLM 作为光波前控制装置。当光传播时,在某个时间对齐相位的位置叫做同相位 θ,通过连接这些连续点形成的表面叫做波前。
LCOS-SLM 是控制光波前的装置,可通过个人计算机轻松控制。通过更改液晶在平面上的折射率,可以自由控制光的波前形状,并且可以实现透镜和衍射光栅等光学装置和功能。
当计算得出的相位全息图显示到 LCOS-SLM 上并用激光照射时,可以重现任意光束形状。通过更改此相位全息图的光学布置,可以采用与透镜、反射镜和快门相同的方式控制光。利用该装置可以高精度地动态控制二维相位(每秒 30 帧)的优势,我们已将 LCOS-SLM 应用于激光处理、自适应光学(眼底测量)、显微镜和光镊。作为一项基础研究,我们还生成了具有轨道角动量的光束(称为拉盖尔-高斯光束)的全息图。我们进行新装置的研发,旨在改进技术,如更先进的控制和软件。
在光探测设备方面,我们开发了智能视觉传感器 (IVS) 并进行应用研究。IVS 是具有小型高速图像处理功能的成像系统,可在 1 毫秒内执行图像采集、图像处理和信号输出。该相机的特点是,它能以 kHz 级的帧速率采集图像,并实时执行图像处理,例如亮点质心计算。此设备可用于机器人视觉系统,我们使用 IVS 测量结果来控制 LCOS-SLM。对眼底的观察是通过从瞳孔入射激光,执行光栅扫描,并根据返回光的强度进行测量和重建来实现的。然而,由于角膜、晶状体和玻璃体的影响,散射的返回光会发生畸变。要纠正这种畸变,必须执行波前测量。利用 IVS,已在易受干扰(如显微镜视角)的条件下实现高速波前测量。
制造内部光学材料(例如晶体和光学薄膜)非常重要,它们将成为光学装置的关键部件,我们的目标是制造此类光学材料。目前,我们正在从材料的创造中开发新装置,并将我们培育的材料技术提供给其他原型研究。特别是在光学薄膜的开发方面,我们正在为 LCOS-SLM 应用研究开发反射镜、滤波器和 AR 涂层的原型,为 SLM 竞争对手无法实现的设备制造做出贡献。
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