2025年8月19日发布
活体生物的动态变化稍纵即逝,采集其高质量图像是一项复杂的观测任务,由此带来了诸多挑战。
Drew Robson博士目前在德国Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics从事研究工作,他系统地开发了各种方法,使用定量光子数分辨相机观测斑马鱼幼体在自然行为过程中的大脑功能。
水族馆里的斑马鱼
斑马鱼是研究大脑活动的新兴模式生物。事实上,斑马鱼和人类具有许多共同点,这使它们成为帮助我们了解大脑功能、健康和疾病的理想选择。Harvard University博士Drew Robson目前正在研究斑马鱼的幼体阶段。这一发育阶段的斑马鱼身体透明,便于在其生长过程中直接观测体内的各种细胞。
为了能够观测游动状态的幼体,这位研究人员设计了一个闭环系统,通过将幼体大脑保持在显微镜视场内来跟踪和校正其位置。研究其自然行为的实验工作很复杂,需要采用正确的方法。
要捕捉幼体大脑中转瞬即逝的变化,需要以亚细胞级分辨率对空间和时间进行详细的高分辨率成像。活体生物成像并非易事,带来了诸多挑战。为了尽量减少像差和噪声影响,该实验需要使用光片荧光显微镜,以及具有精心设计的光学和检测功能的定制设置。
Max Planck Institute博士后研究员Rahul Trivedi正在操作显微镜
斑马鱼大脑内部的信号源是荧光蛋白钙离子传感器。观察荧光信号需要进行一系列的权衡。就信号本身而言,高激发能量可以提供最佳信噪比。然而,增加激发能量也会损害和扰乱大脑正常功能,可能引发荧光蛋白褪色风险,从而限制长时间观测。
此外,由于神经元信号传递是在短时间内发生的,因此曝光时间必须很短,这就加剧了上述矛盾。最后,每次实验都必须仔细平衡输出信噪比和激发能量,才能获得最佳结果。
全神经元H2B-GCaMP6s(绿色)和Islet2b中的ReaChR的体渲染(使用ORCA-Quest拍摄)
为了解决这种敏感的平衡问题,Robson博士引入了一台定量光子数分辨相机,这是全球第一台满足此类需求的相机。这款名为ORCA-Quest qCMOSⓇ(“定量CMOS”的缩写)的检测相机极大地缓解了激发能量和信噪比之间的冲突。
ORCA-Quest相机凭借低读出噪声和高速的优势,实现了长时间三维观测斑马鱼大脑。
即便在信号非常弱、光子自然散粒噪声变得明显的情况下,ORCA-Quest相机仍能提供线性结果,实现神经元活动的量化。传感器形式与高像素数相结合,能够以亚细胞级分辨率对整个斑马鱼大脑进行双通道观测。
尽管科学相机市场已有大尺寸高分辨率传感器,但至今没有任何方案能够满足Robson博士对噪声水平的高要求,而噪声水平却是检测和计算重建工作流中的一个关键元素。此外,ORCA-Quest相机还在不影响本底噪声与分辨率的情况下,提供了前所未有的帧速率。
全神经元H2B-GCaMP6s(绿色)和Islet2b神经元中的ReaChR(红色)的最大强度投影(使用ORCA-Quest拍摄)
Dr. Drew Robson received his B.A. in Mathematics from Princeton University, where he also worked on computational biology and biophysics in the labs of Olga Troyanskaya and Eric Wieschaus. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard University, where he worked on thermosensory behaviors and brain-wide neural imaging in the Schier and Engert labs. He led a joint lab in Systems Neuroscience and Neuroengineering with Jennifer Li at the Rowland Institute at Harvard from 2014 to 2019. He moved his lab from the Rowland Institute to the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in 2019.
*本页面所显示的内容为采访时的可用信息。
ORCA-Quest 2是一款新的qCMOS相机,也是ORCA-Quest的后续产品,具有多项深化进步,例如在极低噪声扫描模式下读出速度更快,紫外区域灵敏度更高。
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