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开发同步辐射设施X射线微成像系统
2025年8月19日发布
Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)为SPring-8大型同步辐射设施的运行、维护和利用提供技术支持。该机构还就SACLA X射线自由电子激光装置和NanoTerasu 3GeV高亮度同步辐射装置的使用提供技术支持。其中，散射与成像部显微动态成像团队负责开发利用同步辐射的X射线成像系统，并为想要获取X射线显微图像的研究人员提供技术支持。ORCA®-Quest qCMOS®相机被用作该X射线显微成像系统的探测器。
我们采访了高级研究员Masato Hoshino博士，了解微观和动态成像团队的工作细节、引入ORCA-Quest的决定性因素以及未来展望。
显微和动态成像团队的工作
您能介绍一下显微镜和动态成像团队的工作吗？
我们团队主要从事X射线成像系统的开发工作，并为想要使用这些系统的研究人员提供技术支持。我们观测各种各样的物体，包括生物样本、材料类样本、考古遗址出土文物以及化石等，满足所有领域对于无损观测不透明物体内部的需求。我们的装置不仅能够获取X光片等二维图像，还能通过X射线显微断层扫描（微CT）获取三维图像。
我们团队的优势是能够以高分辨率观测物体内部。普通X射线源的大光束发散特性会导致X射线在抵达观测物体之前就发生扩散，从而导致单位面积的光子数量降低。这种现象会导致信噪比 (S/N) 降低，从而很难以高信噪比对物体内部的精细结构进行成像。
SPring-8产生的X射线强度高且指向性强，可进行低发散度的窄束照射。这使得单位面积上可以照射大量光子，从而在保持高信噪比的同时实现高分辨率观测。
Masato Hoshino博士
X射线微成像面临的挑战
X射线成像面临哪些挑战？
X射线显微成像的重要因素是“视场大小”、“空间分辨率”和“成像速度”。由于我们团队为多种领域的研究人员提供技术支持，我们能够处理形色各异的物体，包括各种大小的物体、具有非常精细内部结构的物体以及运动中的物体。我们需要根据物体优化这三种要素，而每种要素在优化过程中都面临各自的挑战。
观测大型物体时需要宽视场，但观测超出相机视场的物体时，仅通过一次采集无法拍摄图像。因此，必须通过各种视场拍摄多张图像，然后将其拼接在一起。拍摄的图像越多，采集时间越长，采集后所需的图像处理时间也会增加。
为了以高分辨率观测内部结构，探测器像素尺寸的小型化也很重要。然而，随着像素尺寸变小，每个像素接收的X射线光子数量会减少。结果，信噪比就会降低。
采集速度对于测量时间和运动物体观测影响重大。以采集三维图像的X射线微CT为例，需旋转该物体并从各个角度采集图像。有时需要采集数千张图像，如果每张图像的采集时间都很长，则采集所有图像就需要极其漫长的时间。此外，在拍摄运动物体的图像时，探测器帧速率低可能导致错过我们想要捕捉的瞬间，而较长的曝光时间可能会导致图像模糊。
由于需要处理的对象很多，因此必须考虑的因素很多，面临的挑战也很多。
引入ORCA-Quest的决定性因素
您能谈谈引入ORCA-Quest的决定性因素吗？
第一点是这种传感器的像素高于传统相机，能够实现高清成像。拥有4096（水平）× 2304（垂直）的像素数，同时保持4.6 μm × 4.6 μm的小像素尺寸，从而实现了高分辨率和宽视场。
第二点是采集速度。一般来说，提高相机的帧速率会减少每帧的光子数，从而导致信噪比下降。然而，ORCA-Quest不仅拥有每秒120帧的高帧率，而且量子效率高，读出噪声也非常低。因此，这种相机在X射线微CT实验和生物样本实时成像中具有能够缩短测量时间的优势。我们在最近的实验中，对小动物的肺部进行了高速实时成像。
安装ORCA-Quest的光束线BL20B2采用弯铁光源。弯铁光源发射的X射线波长（能量）范围非常大，因此我们可以通过单色仪提取特定能量的X射线并加以利用。另一方面，由于光束是水平而非垂直扩散的，光束的横截面呈水平形状。因此，具有水平形状传感器的相机与弯铁光源发射的nX射线更加兼容，并且ORCA-Quest的传感器形状恰好适合这种光束线。
X射线成像系统
探测器：高分辨率X射线成像系统M11427，ORCA-Quest qCMOS相机C15550-20UP
成像示例
GFRP（玻璃纤维增强塑料）的X射线CT图像
1. Φ8 mm GFRP棒透射图像（水平方向4096像素，2.68微米/像素）
2. Φ8mm GFRP棒高清X射线微CT断层图像（图像1红线处断层图像）
3. 图像2中黄色框区域的放大图像
可清晰观测到直径约 15 μm的玻璃纤维致密密度。
4. 玻璃纤维取向的三维展示
通过高清图像可观测每根纤维的取向。
*采用Drishti*软件进行三维展示
相机：ORCA-Quest qCMOS相机C15550-20UP
光学系统：高分辨率X射线成像系统 (M11427)
光束线：SPring-8 BL20B2
投影数量：7200张/180度
曝光时间：20毫秒
总测量时间：3分钟
数据提供：Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)高级研究员 Masato Hoshino博士对SPring-8 BL20B2光束线进行的研究
小鼠胚胎的X射线相位断层扫描图像
相机：ORCA-Quest qCMOS相机C15550-20UP
光学系统：高分辨率X射线成像系统 (M11427)
光束线：SPring-8 BL20B2
曝光时间：15毫秒
总测量时间：6.5分钟
数据提供：Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)高级研究员 Masato Hoshino博士对SPring-8 BL20B2光束线进行的研究
未来前景
您能说说您对未来系统开发的展望吗？
目前我主要致力于多尺度测量所需的 X 射线微成像系统的开发。多尺度测量是指以不同的像素尺寸和视场在多种空间尺度拍摄图像。一些使用我们装置的研究人员希望观测到大型物体（例如考古遗址发掘物或化石）内部尽可能多的细节。BL20B2可提供的最大光束约为150 mm（水平）× 20 mm（垂直），具备观测大型物体的潜力。在采集X射线图像时，我们使用了一种方法，即通过闪烁体将X射线转换为可见光，再使用透镜系统将其聚焦到传感器上。然而，为了平衡视场和空间分辨率，我们必须在同一次拍摄中对两者做出取舍。
在多尺度测量中，我们可以通过首先使用大视场相机拍摄整个物体，然后使用ORCA-Quest相机对需要更详细观测的区域放大成像，从而提高观测效率。更换相机时，需要精细调整与放置物体的旋转台等外围设备的同步设置，以及光束大小等其他设置。因此，我们将不断进行验证，以确保在各种条件下都能实现最佳成像。
当然，在保持现有像素尺寸和灵敏度的情况下，最好使用像素更高、传感器尺寸更大的相机，这样才能以更大的视场进行观测。因此，我们期待滨松集团未来在相机领域的发展。
关于Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)
Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)为SPring-8大型同步辐射设施的运行、维护和利用提供技术支持。该机构还就SACLA X射线自由电子激光装置和NanoTerasu 3GeV高亮度同步辐射装置的使用提供技术支持。
这些装置面向国内外广大用户开放。它们由大批高度专业的工作人员操作，确保全球领先的同步辐射装置获得平稳、高水平的利用。
Researcher profile
Masato Hoshino
Microscopic and Dynamic Imaging Team, Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) : Senior Scientist
Mar. 2008
Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ph.D. (Doctor of Engineering)
Apr. 2008
Post-doctoral researcher, Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)
Apr. 2009
Research scientist, Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)
Apr. 2018
Senior Scientist, Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)
Apr. 2021
Senior Scientist, Microscopic and Dynamic Imaging Team, Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)
* 本页显示的内容基于 2024 年 12 月进行的采访。
相关产品
ORCA-Quest 2是一款新的qCMOS相机，也是ORCA-Quest的后续产品，具有多项深化进步，例如在极低噪声扫描模式下读出速度更快，紫外区域灵敏度更高。
其他案例研究
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