与 CCD 图像传感器相比,MOS 图像传感器通常可以处理更高的电荷,并且可用于高光量条件。CCD 具有低噪声的特点,更适合检测低光量条件。MOS 图像传感器还支持 5 V 电源,因此更易于操作。
请准备以下组件。
1. 请准备以下组件。多通道探测器探头或驱动电路(我们可能尚未提供适用于某些 CCD 的此类产品。有关详细信息,请参阅图像传感器数据单或选型指南。)
2. 多通道探测器探头控制器 C7557-01(使用多通道探测器探头时):可通过 USB 连接到 PC 以轻松采集数据
3. 外部电源、AD 转换器(是否需要这些组件取决于多通道探测器探头和驱动电路。参见数据单。)
4. 帧抓取板(使用带有 Camera Link 接口的多通道探测器探头时)
数据单中所列感光灵敏度是产品规格的典型值,不是保证值。例如,不同前照式 CCD 产品在光谱灵敏度特性方面的变化较大,因为此类产品具有一种会在接受入射光的表面上形成 CCD 栅极的结构。在可见光区域附近,与前照式产品相比,薄型背照式 CCD 的灵敏度变化较小。而在紫外区域,这些产品会表现出很大的变化。
如果需要具体产品的光谱灵敏度特性,请就近咨询销售办事处。请注意,光谱灵敏度特性与温度有关。要了解光谱灵敏度特性与温度之间的关系,请参阅我们的技术指南。
我们建议首先打开 CCD 的直流电源,然后再为时钟系统通电。以相反顺序或同时通电造成 CCD 损坏的可能性较小。
建议时钟脉冲在脉冲幅度的 50%±10% 时相互重叠。偏离此条件操作可能会影响饱和电荷量和电荷传输效率,因此如果需要较高的检测精度,请考虑这一点。
CCD 特性因操作条件而异。数据单中指定的操作条件显示了调节范围。这些条件必须在指定范围内进行调节。我们建议在典型操作条件下使用 CCD。数据单中列出的电光特性是在典型操作条件下使用时的值。
当 X 射线直接入射到 CCD 上时,前照式产品对 0.5 keV 至 10 keV 的 X 射线灵敏,薄型背照式产品对 0.1 keV 至 10 keV 的 X 射线灵敏。耦合到 FOS(涂覆有闪烁体的 FOP)或磷光片的前照式 CCD 对几十 keV 或更高的 X 射线灵敏。有关详细信息,请参阅我们的技术资料。如果要检测其他能量水平的 X 射线,请就近咨询销售办事处。
数据单包含一个显示光谱灵敏度特性 [纵轴:量子效率 (QE)] 和 CCD 节点灵敏度 (Sv) 的图表。特定波长下的电压输出可以根据量子效率和 CCD 节点灵敏度计算。此计算公式如下:
V = 入射光子数 × QE × Sv
使用 FFT-CCD 捕获二维图像时,其工作原理需要通过快门或类似机构来阻挡光,以确保在电荷传输期间不会有光线照射 CCD。(这是为了防止在电荷传输过程中照射到 CCD 的光线
被读取为信号,因为 FFT-CCD 的受光面也用作电荷传输寄存器。) 在电荷传输期间入射到 CCD 上的光产生的信号,看起来好比所采集图像中的竖条纹。(这种现象称为涂片。) 如果电荷积分时间与读出时间相比非常长,那么阴影效应会相对较小,因此即使没有快门也可以获取所需的图像。
在 Binning 模式下操作 FFT-CCD 时,电荷传输期间入射到 CCD 上的光通过像素合并添加到信号中,并读出为一维数据,因此如果不使用快门,则没有问题。
检查片材条件会在数据单上显示。使用接近这些检查条件的条件来比较设备。
在运输检查时未出现的异常现象可能会因客户在操作过程中的损坏(浪涌引起的静电放电损坏或恶化)、或因运输过程中不可避免的问题(由宇宙射线等造成的影响)而出现,因此请咨询我们的销售办事处。
对于不带受光窗的前照式 CCD,在几帕的真空下使用时完全没有问题。但在超过大约 10-2 帕的真空度时,系统有时会受到树脂等物质的污染,因此请咨询我们。薄型背照式 CCD 也已用在真空中,因此如需在真空中使用,请咨询我们。
几乎所有前照式 CCD 都可以耦合到 FOP。
但薄型背照式 CCD 不能耦合到 FOP。请咨询我们的销售办事处了解更多详情。
对于温度范围,请参阅数据单中列出的工作温度和储存温度。温度和湿度必须满足不会导致传感器水分冷凝的条件。建议在 45% 至 55% 的湿度下使用。在此建议湿度范围内使用也是预防 ESD 的一个必要措施。
静电会损坏 CCD,因此在操作过程中需要小心。我们建议使用配备 ESD 的工作台
预防措施、腕带、导电垫等 此外还建议使用静电消除器来消除操作过程中可能产生的静电。有关详细信息,请参阅 CCD 图像传感器的"预防措施"。
有关如何存放 CCD 的说明,请参阅 CCD 图像传感器的"预防措施"。开箱后,我们建议将其存放在低湿度防潮器中。
可见光不会损坏 CCD。但紫外光、X 射线和其他高能辐射都可能会造成损坏。
有关详细信息,请参阅我们的技术资料。
即使在读出操作期间,CCD 也会产生暗电流。因此,即使电荷积分时间为零,仍然会有包括暗电流的输出。
封装主要使用的是陶瓷材料,因此在小公差范围内制造封装非常困难。为方便质量控制,封装公差设置为一个较大的数值。利用特殊的处理技术可以降低封装公差,因此如有需要请咨询我们。
某些 CCD 类型不支持多通道探测器探头,但可提供简单的评价电路板。请联系我们的销售办事处了解详情。
某些 CCD 可以提供定制规格,但可能需要额外付费。如果需要,请联系我们的销售办事处。
某些 CCD 可以提供无缺陷或瑕疵的类型,但需要额外付费。如果需要,请联系我们的销售办事处。
可以提供某些有缺陷或瑕疵的 CCD 类型。如果需要,请联系我们的销售办事处。
如果相关数据能够准备,则可以提供,但我们会收取费用。
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